Quantum noise properties of non-ideal optical amplifiers and attenuators
نویسندگان
چکیده
We generalize the standard quantum model (Caves 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 1817) of the noise properties of ideal linear amplifiers to include the possibility of non-ideal behavior. We find that under many conditions the non-ideal behavior can be described simply by assuming that the internal noise source that describes the quantum noise of the amplifier is not in its ground state. We validate this model by showing that it reproduces the known predictions of two models of non-ideal amplifiers: a laser amplifier with incomplete inversion and a cascade of alternating ideal amplifiers and ideal attenuators. We also describe implications of this model for practical devices.
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